Keys to soldier and winged adult termites (Isoptera) of The bottom line on Formosan termite control is that the nest has be found and removed if inside the wall of the structure. Figure 3. In the United States, they are commonly found in the following Southern States Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. However, they have also been known to attack over 50 plant species and even some non-cellulose items including asphalt, plastic, mortar, rubber, creosote and soft metals when looking for moisture and new food sources. Any wood-to-ground contact is an inviting entrance for Formosan subterranean termite infestations. Once a Formosan colony is mature, the damage it can cause can be massive. Carton nests (Figure 9) are usually found in structure voids such as between walls and beneath sinks. But Formosan is the most economically malicious and geographically spread species which can be rather dangerous to any cellulose structure. Alates, or swarmers, are about 5/16 inch (14-15mm) in overall length, including their wings. Comparison of features of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus , with the Asian subterranean termite… Inside homes, termites … Their aerial nests are often found on the rooftops of buildings with a flat roof. 1994. The genus Coptotermes contains the largest number of termite pests (28 species) among the >3,100 termite species worldwide, and the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is the most widely distributed and most economically important. Formosan termites also can construct a carton which helps retain moisture in the nest. Su N-Y, Scheffrahn RH. Formosan Termites are like most subterranean termites in regards to their appearance. One such bait product, the Sentricon® Termite Colony Elimination System uses a durable bait, Recruit® HD that contains a chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI), noviflumuron. The king and queen reproductives stay within the co… Vikane is a popular fumigant used by pest control companies to fumigate for Formosan Termites. Figure 8. But it was probably introduced there at least five to 10 years previously. Formosan Termites swarm in the spring and summer months. Photograph by Nan-Yao Su, University of Florida. This is how the termite spreads. After a brief flight, alates shed their wings. The Formosan subterranean termite acquired its name because it was first described in Taiwan in the early 1900s, but Coptotermes formosanus is probably endemic to Taiwan and southern China. CSIs do not kill termites immediately after bait consumption. They have translucent wings that are densely covered with small hairs. ... Formosan termites build and live in nests called “carton nests.” They form these nests … Unlike most termites, which attack a structure from below, formosan termites will sometimes establish carton nests in gutters, roof eaves, or other areas that are typically protected from termites. An overview of the Formosan subterranean termite in the world, pp. A unique quality about them is that they will secrete a milky white substance from their head when they attack. While Formosan Termites cause many problems for residents in the United States every year, they did not originate from here. Winged formosan Termite Alates (swarmers) (left). Alates and soldiers are most useful for identification (Scheffrahn and Su 1994). Another characteristic of Formosan subterranean termite is carton nest material that is made of termite excrements, chewed wood, and soil. Agricultural Research 46: 4-9. Response of the Formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) to baits or nonrepellent termiticides in extended foraging arenas. Carton nests are quite … The Formosan Termite (Coptotermesformosanus) • Native to China, “House termite” ... • Create mud tubes and carton nests In the city of New Orleans where this termite species was introduced in the 1950's, the control and repair costs due to Formosan subterranean termite is estimated at $300 million annually (Suszkiw 1998). Project Description. Mature colonies of Formosan Termites can have anywhere from 1-10 million termites within them. While the majority of the colonies are found in places close to the ground, there have been some found in aerial areas as well. Comparative impact of chitin synthesis inhibitor baits and non-repellent liquid termiticides on subterranean termite colonies over foraging distances: colony elimination versus localized termite exclusion. The bottom line on Formosan termite control is that the nest has be found and removed if inside the wall of the structure. Su N-Y. Formosan Termite Termite Control and Treatment. It is not uncommon to find entire walls full of the "carton" material. These include large swarms of alates in the Spring and Summer evenings, hollow sounding wood, mud tubes or carton nests inside walls. The reproductives nurse the first group of young termites until they reach third instar (Figure 7). ), imidachloprid (Premise®, etc.) & Price Match Guarantee - Details, ePestSupply    Formosan Termite Carton Nest. What do they eat? As the “super termite,” Formosan Termites aren’t very particular about where they live. Photo 7. The Formosan subterranean termite generally invades structures from the ground. However, the Formosan subterranean termite is persistent in finding small cracks in concrete which they enlarge and use as foraging routes. A single colony of Formosan subterranean termite may contain several million termites (versus several hundred thousand termites for native subterranean termite species) that forage up to 300 ft in soil (Figure 1). The feeding continue until baited termites are ready to molt and killed due to a disruptive molting. Journal of Economic Entomology 98: 2143-2152. Naphthalene was detected in nest cartons of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Soldiers of Formosan subterranean termite have an orange-brown, oval-shaped head, curved mandibles and a whitish body (Figure 6). A single individual of the Formosan subterranean termite does not consume more wood than a single native subterranean termite, however, because of its large population size, a Formosan subterranean termite colony can cause more structural damage in a shorter time. If elimination of the carton nest is not practical, then the use of Hex Pro Termite Baiting System and complete soil treatment is highly recommended. The Formosan termite colonizes in the ground but also above ground in structures. This species is believed to have originated from Eastern Asia, or more specifically, Taiwan and southern China. One to two months later, the queen lays the second batch eggs which would be eventually nursed by termites from the first egg batch. They have been called the “super termite” due to the fact that they are more aggressive and destructive than their relatives. The combination of an underground and aboveground nest can greatly increase the potential damage of these termites. It is considered the single most economically important insect pest in the state of Hawaii. Leaky plumbing, air conditioning condensate, and any portion of the building that may collect excessive amounts of moisture should be corrected to maintain an environment less attractive to Formosan subterranean termite. Carton nests are created from termite excrement, chewed wood, and soil. Call 1-855-55-EPEST (37378) Photograph by Rudolf H. Scheffrahn, University of Florida. You can tell fallen trees were infested with Formosan termites … Our survey data indicated that more than 25% of the infestations found in the urban southeastern Florida are caused by aerial colonies (Su and Scheffrahn 1987). However, this termite is also known to attack non-cellulose materials such as plaster, plastic, asphalt, and thin sheets of soft metal (lead or copper) in search of food and moisture. Within two to four weeks, young termites hatched from the eggs. When these termites invade a house above-ground, foraging tubes of ca. Formosan subterranean termites belong to the same family as native subterranean termites (Rhinotermitidae). 27-31. Blistered wood surface damage caused by the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. They would avoid treated soil and may re-invade the house (Su 2005, Chouvenc 2018). 13661 Jupiter Rd. Like all termite species, Formosan Termites feed on wood and paper products due to the amount of cellulose these objects contain. Like all termites… Termidor does a good job as a soil treatment but care should be taken to avoid contamination of water sources. Integrated Pest Management Reviews 3: 1-13. Soil treatment: The conventional method for control of subterranean termites, including the Formosan subterranean termite is to place a chemical barrier between termites and the structure to be protected. As of 2019, the distribution of Formosan subterranean termite in the United States includes Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas (Figure 2). When the pair finds a moist crevice with wooden materials, they form the royal chamber and lay approximately 15 to 30 eggs. As its name indicates, the Formosan subterranean termite is a subterranean termite species characterized by large populations that share interconnected foraging galleries in soil. However, they can also create above ground nests in structures they are infesting. Termite nests have been reported to be extremely large, spreading over a 50 to 100 meter radius. The concentration of naphthalene ranges from 50.56 to 214.6 μg/kg. The genus Coptotermes contains the largest number of termite pests (28 species) among the >3,100 termite species worldwide, and the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is the most widely distributed and most economically important. Graphic by Nan-Yao Su, University of Florida. Formosan Termites are controlled by the same methods as Drywood Termites when they are in wood not in contact with the ground. The Formosan termite: A formidable foe. One of the most common forms of treatment used against formosan termites is fumigation. If a pair of alates successfully finds suitable conditions, i.e., adequate food and moisture sources in a building, they can initiate a colony with no ground connection. Video of Formosan Termite Facts. A hollowed wood surface may look blistered or peeled (Figure 8). Formosan subterranean termites, like other subterranean termites, create nests in soil. A great look behind the walls of a house at the inside of a Formosan termite above ground carton nest. 1987. The majority of the nestmates are workers that are responsible for acquisition of nutrients, i.e. Termite baits such as Hex Pro Termite Baiting System that are being used to control termites have less chemicals than the other methods do, making them more consumer-friendly and a popular choice as well. But in cases where the Formosan Termites are deeply embedded inside the walls of structure, and removal of their nest (walls) is not practical, a termite baiting system such as Hex Pro Termite Baiting System (Sentricon) may be the only choice. Current status of the Formosan subterranean termite in Another important fact regarding all Formosan Termites is that their wings are covered in hairs.. Formosan Termites are a specific species of Subterranean Termite. Thus they … It is also not uncommon to find them in crawl spaces, foundation crevices, attics and beneath sinks. Dispersal flights or "swarms" are massive and begin at dusk on calm and humid evenings from April to July. Click here for more information on Liquid Barrier Termite Treatments, Click here for more information on Drywood Termites, Plus FREE UPS SHIPPING (Continental US ONLY), Free Shipping ), bifenthrin (Biflex® FT, etc. At this rate, a single colony of Formosan Termites can destroy a wooden structure in approximately three months. Annual Review of Entomology 64: 115-130. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011118112429. The Formosan Termite soldier is identified by its head, which is a teardrop shape and orange-brown in color. Carton nest made from frass, soil, chewed wood and saliva, Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus. Their highly publicized ability to penetrate solid concrete is a fallacy. This is another location where we found an even larger above ground carton nest. Known distribution (between dotted yellow lines) of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, in the United States, as of 2016. By then most of the colony member have received lethal doses of CSIs, leading to the collapse of the colony (Figure 10B). Their bodies are pale yellow to brownish yellow in color. Click this link for the most recent update of Formosan subterranean termite distribution in Florida. These large nests are made of carton, a hard material the workers make from soil, chewed wood or plant matter, and their own saliva … Chemical meth… The Formosan subterranean termite acquired its name because it was first described in Taiwan in the early 1900s, but Coptotermes formosanus is probably endemic to Taiwan and southern China. There are termiticides and baits such as the Hex Pro Termite Baiting System have been successful at getting rid of Formosan Termites, as well as other termite species. Su N-Y, Tamashiro M. 1987. The Formosan subterranean termite does not damage pressure-treated wood but is capable of by-passing the treated wood to infest untreated wood in structures. 2005. Where a colony chooses to live and how they build depends on the specific species source of food, moisture, and colony protective needs. Even if you have a contract with local pest control professionals and annually have you house checked, there is no guarantee that you will never have the formosan termites’ problem. Currently available (as of January 2019) termiticides include: permethrin (Dragnet® FT, etc. These sub-termites do so much damage is a small amount of time. However, it generally takes between 3 and 5 years for a colony to mature. In-Stock Orders Placed By 3:00 PM CT Ship Today! Swarms appear on warm … Termite baits were developed to address the shortcomings of soil termiticide treatments, especially when facing the Formosan subterranean termite colonies with large population sizes (Su 2019). Formosan termites also create carton nests, which allow them to nest above the ground and still maintain their moisture levels. Figure 5. These nests are made of saliva, chewed wood and excrement. 0.25 to 0.5 inch diameter may be found connecting soil and the infested house (Figure 4). If the structure is on a slab or cement foundation, it may be necessary to drill into the foundation slab and inject the termiticide beneath it. Formosan Termites Formosan Termite Habitat . Su N-Y. The soldiers have white bodies and curved mandibles. Formosan Termites have been found in tree trunks, logs, wooden beams, utility poles, piers, foam insulation, under porches and many other places where moisture is readily available. than typical subterranean termites pictured on Nests: Formosan termites usually build nests in the soil near a wood source, but aerial nests made of carton (chewed wood, soil, saliva and fecal material) are common if moisture is available. Grace JK, Tome CHM, Shelton TG, Oshiro RJ. Foraging tubes of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. There are two types of methods of formosan termite treatment: 1. natural; 2. chemical. In spring, winged Formosan termites leave their nests and fly to new locations to start new colonies. Formosan termites, most probably, originating from South Chinaand from the… What are your options, once you discovered that your house is already infested and confirmed that the pest is a formosan subterranean termite? If a soil treatment can be made successfully, then termite baiting may not be necessary. Preventive practice: Wood pressure-treated with preservatives (creosote, pentachlorophenol, inorganic salts such as alkaline copper quaternary or ACQ, etc.) Figure 9. Small hairs on wings of swarmers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. What makes Formosan Termites different from Native Subterranean Termites is the fact that they will make carton nests out of the wood that resemble packed cardboard inside a wall. Retail Store and Distribution Center Because of its population size and foraging range, the presence of Formosan subterranean termite colonies poses serious threats to nearby structures. Both subterranean and above-ground termite nests also function as shelter and a place to rear their offspring. Sociobiology 41: 177-192. The alates will shed their wings after flight and find a safe place to mate (moist wood) and begin their colony by laying eggs. Clemson entomology researchers who studied Formosan termites in Charleston in the 1980s documented about 6% of the 50 Formosan colonies … For preconstruction treatment, soil termiticides are applied onto sub-slab soil before the foundation is poured. By the 1950s, it was reported in South Africa. prospects for integrated pest management programs. SEE MORE VIDEOS. Photograph by Nan-Yao Su, University of Florida. Alates are attracted to lights, so they are usually found near windows, light fixtures, window sills, and spider webs around well lighted areas (Figure 5). Return To Home Page. Developement of baits for management of subterranean termites. Carton may be papery and fragile, or woody and very hard. They have been found as far north as Dallas, Texas as as far west as Southern California. Size - up to 3/4 inches long. This material called carton can be used by the Formosan termite to form nest-like structures and is unique to the Formosan termites. Where there is ground contact, structural changes and or modification to eliminate moisture may be necessary, together with ground treatment as recommended for subterranean termites. ), cypermethrin (Demon® TC, etc. Florida Entomologist 77: 460-474. Formosan termite-produced carton nest in a wall. The control you obtain with these kits depends on how large the colony size is, where it is located, and how much moisture is inside the walls of the structure. Bora Care can be used as a wood treatment to help prevent Formosan termite infestations. These are made of carton, a hard material the workers make from soil, chewed wood or plant matter, and their own saliva and … Carton nests are constructed in or near the feeding site and a single colony may have several of these auxiliary nests … As of 2019, Formosan subterranean termite is found in almost all major urban areas of Florida (Figure 3). We sell several termite baiting kits for Formosan Termite control. Photograph by Nan-Yao Su, University of Florida. Population control using baits: Because of the large size of a Formosan subterranean termite colony, application of soil termiticides beneath a structure usually do not impact the overall population of several million termites that inhabit galleries extending up to 300 ft. Complete removal of the carton nest and then treatment using Bora Care, Optigard Flex, Termidor or Premise 2 should then be made to the entire area. Monday - Friday A single colony of Coptotermes formosanus may produce over 70,000 alates. Most of these nests are created within structures that the termites have hollowed out or used as a food source. Figure 2. Baiting studies and considerations with, Scheffrahn RH, Carrijo TF, Křeček J, Su NY, Szalanski AL, Austin JW, Chase JA, Mangold JR. 2015. This is the nest I donated to Bayer Corp. the aspirin people. cellulose in wood. A review of subterranean termite control practices and Figure 7. VISIT ME … 3-15. The Formosan Termite alate is .5 -.6 inches long with a yellowish-brown body. Their carton nests are often found on the rooftops of buildings with flat roofs that collect water. are required by building codes for use at the point of wood-soil interface; primarily to prevent fungi decay. In-Stock Orders Placed By 3:00 PM CT Ship Today! There are numerous small hairs on the wings of these comparatively large swarmers. It has been reported that mature colonies can cover one or more acres of land and go through roughly 13 ounces of wood in a single day. The swarmers (or alates) are winged. The carton nests of Formosan termites retain moisture and enable colonies and satellite colonies to establish aerial nests and survive without maintaining contact with the soil. However, they have also been found in Arizona, Hawaii, Texas and California as well. This destructive species was apparently transported to Japan prior to the 1600s and to Hawaii in the late 1800s (Su and Tamashiro 1987). They often swarm at night. Instead they disrupt termite molting, which occurs approximately every 45 days. Wood products that are infested by Formosan subterranean termite may be recognized by tapping the wood with a hard object. Questions? Post-construction treatment can be done by drilling holes through slabs and injecting insecticides under foundation and by drenching trenches dug in soil along building foundations. Guaranteed Lowest Prices Including Shipping - Anywhere On The Internet! And if they establish an aerial nest or carton, they can be harder to detect and treat. It can be a successful treatment if you’ve found nests trapped in structures, but the general rule is that the soil needs to be properly treated before fumigation will work. Alates of Formosan subterranean termite are yellowish-brown and 12 to 15 mm long (0.5 to 0.6 inch). Unlike native subterranean termites, Formosan termites build large nests. As the populations grow, economic loss caused by this termite species in more recently established areas will approach the pest status experienced in New Orleans and Hawaii. Formosan termites hide in your wall studs and create large carton nests. chlorfenapyr (Phantom®), chlorantraniliprole (Altriset®), and fipronil (Termidor®, etc.). Carton nest from Formosan termites. Graphic by Nan-Yao Su, University of Florida. The Formosan subterranean termite attacks structural lumbers and living plants because they are sources of cellulose. Photograph by Nan-Yao Su, University of Florida. Females immediately search for nesting sites with males following closely behind. Baits as a tool for population control of the Formosan subterranean termite. Figure 10. During the 1960s it was found in Texas, Louisiana, and South Carolina. Known distribution of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, in Florida, as of 2019. This is the first report of naphthalene being associated with termites. 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