"Hindi-Urdu as a pluricentric language". Marginal and non-universal phonemes are in parentheses. From the grammatical point of view, there is not much difference between Hindi and Urdu. The Comparative study of Urdu and Khowar. English: This work, published in Delhi in 1920, is a history of the Urdu language from its origins to the development of an Urdu literature. Urdu. Phonologically, the Urdu sounds are the same as those of Hindi except for slight variations in short vowel allophones. It is the language that the Mughal and Sultans of Delhi used during their rule in Delhi. Muslims ruled over India for about 1,000 years. However Mughals mixed them to a great extent. The largest number of sounds retained is among the spirants, a group of sounds uttered with a friction of breath against some part of the oral passage, in this case /f/, /z/, /zh/, /x/, and /g/. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Read History Books in Urdu online Free تاریخ کی کتابیں - Large collection of History Books of Pakistan, India, World, Wars & Islam in Urdu, written by famous Urdu writers. According to Muhammad Husain Azad, Urdu language was born as a result of grafting of Persian elements on the Brijbhash a, a dialect of western Hindi. Topics in Hindi-Urdu phonology. This work, published in Delhi in 1920, is a history of the Urdu language from its origins to the development of an Urdu literature. Dua, Hans R. 1994b. Description. In literature, Urdu was usually used along side Persian. InshaAllah Khan is known as the second poet from Lucknow. Specifically, the Urdu language directly descends from the Hindustani language, though it is based originally on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi. ", "The poisonous potency of script: Hindi and Urdu", ترتیب وڈیزائننگ ایم پی خاؿ اردولشکری زبان, Commission for Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Community Rights, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urdu&oldid=994302641, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Language articles without reference field, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. However, in 1952, when Pakistan declared Urdu its national language, it was hugely opposed by the people of East Pakistan (the Bangladeshi). Please ? London: Routledge. Mughals recruited large numbers of Indian Muslims in their army. In Z. Imam (Ed.). Hindi and Urdu are closely related and they share similar grammar an… One of the Official Language of India. History of the Urdu Language. Global Voices, "Proposal to Encode the Kaithi Script in ISO/IEC 10646", "Urdu Bharti: नौकरी के लिए भटक रहे हैं 4 हजार उर्दू शिक्षक, कोर्ट कोर्ट खेल रही है सरकार. Urdu language and literature facts and figures. See Article History. Official language of Moghuls was Persian, logically this was written in Persian script. In many writings only the verbs are in Urdu, the rest consisting of Persian constructions and vocabulary, and the themes of…. Because of this, a sectarian divide was established. An Urdu translation of the Koran was made as late as 1791. It was a language that was widely used and understood by Muslims. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. So it sometimes becomes very difficult to grasp the true meaning and concept of spoken sentences. The origin of Urdu literature dates back to the 13th century in India during the Mughal rule. Omissions? Significant speech communities exist in the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States as well. Its first major poet was Amir Khosrow (1253–1325), who composed dohas (couplets), folk songs, and riddles in the newly formed speech, then called Hindvi. They share the same Indo-Aryan base and are so similar in phonology and grammar that they appear to be one language. Its influence, however, does not compare with that…, Urdu, now the chief literary language of Muslim India and Pakistan, borrowed heavily from Persian literature during its classical period in the 18th century. Urdu, distinguished from Hindi by its script and vocabulary, is … This map shows that Urdu is not spoken by people of any specific area in Pakistan (the former West Pakistan). 2000. Urdu also retains a complete set of aspirated stops (sounds pronounced with a sudden release with an audible breath), a characteristic of Indo-Aryan, as well as retroflex stops. The origin of Urdu literature dates back to the 13th century in India during the Mughal rule. noun) in the world. The Urdu language is an Indo-European language, stemming from the Khariboli branch of language. Download PDF & Read books in parts and episodes for your convenience. It became a formal linguistic division when Pakistan and India separately gained independence. Badshah Munir Bukhari National Language Authority Pakistan 2003. Various theories have been given to explain it. Urdu shares its origins with Hindi, sometimes referred to as a ‘sister’ language of Urdu due to the similar grammar base that they share. The Urdu writers also adopted the Persian forms and themes in their works. Urdu a victim of cultural genocide. "The Pursuit of Persian: Language in Mughal Politics." Interestingly 48 % of the population speaks Punjabi while Urdu is spoken by only 8 %. However, it is the native language of less than 1% of the population of Jammu and Kashmir. Urdu developed in the 12th century ce from the regional Apabhramsha of northwestern India, serving as a linguistic modus vivendi after the Muslim conquest. Urdu is accepted by the Kashmiri Muslims, even though it’s considered to be a non-native dialect. Thus we find that the Urdu language was enriched from gener­ation to generation and … The origin of the Urdu language is obscure. The word ‘ Urdu ‘ comes from Turkish word ‘ Ordu ‘ meaning ‘ Army ‘ or ‘Lashkar ‘. Urdu is the official language of Pakistan as well as Jammu and Kashmir in India. Bhatia, Tej K. and Koul Ashok. Urdu language, member of the Indo-Aryan group within the Indo-European family of languages. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Urdu-language. An authentic Islamic history book complete part 1 in Urdu language. "Tareekh-e-Islam" (History of Islam) is Written by Maulana Akbar Shah Najeebabadi. Khan, M. H. 1969. (PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles). See more. 1996. Updates? Where is Urdu spoken? Urdu itself is a Turkish word that means army camp. Modern Standard Urdu, once commonly known as a variant of Hindustani (ہندوستانی), a colloquial language combining the modified Sanskrit words found in Hindi with words (لفظ/lafz, masc. This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 01:04 dates back to development... ’ or ‘ camp ’ the Indo-European family of languages the true meaning concept. Grammatical point of view, there is not much difference between Hindi and Urdu apparent meaning meaning! Was replaced as the official urdu language history language of the educated masses, is a Turkish word means... Are so similar in phonology and grammar that they appear to be a non-native dialect Husain... 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